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Buy with confidence!
If for any reason
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We ship world wide.
All international
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Engine Math
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When you’re building an engine, it’s nice to be armed with the facts necessary to do it successfully.
Much of engine building is about math — machining dimensions, compression and rod ratios, bore
sizes, stroke, journal diameters, carburetors, port sizes, dynamic balancing, and all the rest of it.
Without math, you cannot successfully build an engine. What follows are quick facts that will help
you in your Ford engine building.
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Cubic-Inch Displacement
Cubic-inch displacement is simply the volume displaced by the cylinders of your engine. So, if we
calculate the volume of one cylinder, and multiply that figure times the number of cylinders, we have
the engine’s displacement.
The formula for a cylinder’s volume is:
Pi x r2 x S = Volume of one cylinder.
Where Pi is a mathematical constant equal to 3.14159, r is the radius of the cylinder, and S is the
stroke. If you think back to your high school geometry, you may remember that a circle’s radius is
half the diameter. In this case, the diameter is equal to the bore (B), so 1/2B = r. Plug that in, and
our formula becomes:
Pi x (1/2B)2 x S =
Volume of One Cylinder
We can simplify this further by plugging in the numerical value for Pi, then doing some basic
algebra that doesn’t necessarily need to be covered here — but trust us: the equation before is
equal to this equation:
B x B x S x 0.7854 =
Volume of One Cylinder
To determine the engine’s displacement, factor in the number of cylinders (N):
B x B x S x 0.7854 x N = Engine displacement.
So, let’s use this to figure out the displacement of a Ford engine that has a 4-inch Bore and a 3-
inch Stroke:
4.000” x 4.000” x 3.00” x 0.7854 x 8 = 301.59 ci
Ford rounded 301.59 up to 302 ci, or 4.9L. (Note: One liter is equal to about 61 cubic inches.)
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Calculating Compression Ratio
An engine’s compression ratio is the ratio between two volumes: The volume of the cylinder and
combustion chamber when the piston is at BDC, and the volume of the combustion chamber when
the piston is at TDC. But there’s more to consider than just cylinder volume and head cc’s. To get
the engine’s TRUE compression ratio, you need to know these volumes:
• Combustion Chamber Volume (C)
• Compressed Head Gasket Volume (G)
• Piston/Deck Height (D)
• Piston Dish Volume (P) or Dome Volume (-P)
• Cylinder Volume (V)
When the piston is at BDC, the total volume is all of these volumes added together. When the
piston is at TDC, the total volume is all of these EXCEPT the Cylinder Volume (V). So... true
compression ratio is this:
V + D + G + C + P
D + G + C + P
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This diagram shows all the volumes you need to know to calculate an
engine’s true compression ratio: Cylinder volume (V), piston dome (-P) or
dish volume (P), piston/deck height (D), compressed gasket volume (G),
and the combustion chamber volume (C). The compression ratio is the
volume of the cylinder and combustion chamber (V + P + D + G +C) when
the piston is at bottom dead center, compared to the volume of the
combustion chamber (P + D + G +C) when the piston is at top dead
center.
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Combustion Chamber Volume
Combustion chamber volumes for stock heads and aftermarket heads are typically available from
the manufacturer. If you can’t find the info or if you’ve modified the combustion chambers, you’ll
have to measure the volumes (using a plastic deck plate, burettes, and a graduated cylinder) or
have your local machine shop do it for you.
Converting cc’s to ci’s
Combustion chamber volume, dome volume, and dish volume are generally measured in cc’s, not
cubic inches. To convert cc’s to cubic inches, divide the measurement in cc’s by 16.4.
cc/16.4 = ci
Compressed Head Gasket Volume
Compressed head gasket volume is simply the volume of the cylinder hole in the head gasket —
think of it as a very shallow cylinder. So, its volume is computed the same way you compute cylinder
volume:
B x B x Gasket Thickness x 0.7854 = Compressed Head Gasket Volume
In this case, the gasket’s compressed thickness is .038 inches, so . . .
4.000” x 4.000”x .038” x 0.7854 = 0.4775232 ci
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Piston/Deck Height Volume
Piston/Deck height volume is the small volume at the top of the cylinder that is not swept by the
piston. Measure piston/deck height with a dial indicator. Bring the piston to top dead center (TDC)
and measure the distance from the top of the piston to the deck of the block. This is normally
somewhere between .008 and .025 inch. If the block deck has been machined, say .010 inch, then
deck height will be smaller.
Once again, this volume is a shallow cylinder. Compute its volume by plugging the piston/deck
height measurement (D) into the cylinder volume formula:
B x B x D x 0.7854 = Piston/Deck Height Volume
In our example, this measurement was .015 inch, so we plug in that value to compute piston/deck
height volume in cubic inches.
4.000” x 4.000” x .015” x 0.7854 = 0.188496 ci
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Previous
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This has been a sample page from
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How to Rebuild the Small Block Ford
by George Reid
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Over the years, the small-block Ford has remained one of the
most popular and widely used engines on the planet. From the
earliest Fairlanes and Mustangs to the latest Mustangs and light
trucks, the Ford small-block has powered them all. With the
amount of aftermarket support and rebuildable cores out there,
you don’t have to worry about spending an arm and a leg for
quality rebuild – especially if you do the teardown and assembly
yourself.
In How to Rebuild the Small-Block Ford you're walked step by step
through a rebuild, including: Planning your Rebuild; Disassembly
and Inspection; Choosing the Right Parts; Machine Work;
Assembling your Engine; and First Firing and Break-In. It also
gives you helpful hints and tips on performance upgrades,
including cams, heads, ignition, induction, and more. It points out
problem areas to watch for, gives professional builder tips,
procedures that need special care or special tools, and more.
Whether you’re a first-time engine builder or a seasoned
professional, this is the essential guide to rebuilding your small-
block Ford.
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Click below to view sample
pages from each chapter
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Chap. 1 - Before You Begin
Chap. 2 - Engine Disassembly
Chap. 3 - Selecting Parts
Chap. 4 - Machine Shop
Chap. 5 - Engine Assembly
Chap. 6 - Break-In Tuning
Chap. 7 - Buyer's Guide
Chap. 8 - Engine Math
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8-1/2 x 11"
Soft bound
144 pages
Approximately 600 b/w photos
Item # SA102
Price: $18.95
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Click here to buy now!
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Covers 221, 260, 289, 302,
351W, 351C, 351M & 400
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Other items you might be interested in
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The Step by Step Guide to Engine Blueprinting
Practical methods for racing and rebuilding, selecting and preparing
parts, and how to buy machine shop work. This completely revised and
updated version containing an additional 32 pages is simply the best
book you can buy on engine preparation for street or racing! Engine
Blueprinting shows the reader how to use precision measuring tools,
calculate compression ratios, degree a camshaft, and much more!
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Price:
$18.95
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How to Build Big-Inch Ford Small Blocks
Thoroughly explains how to build a stroker, with information that will
help you to better tailor your heads, cam, intake manifold, carburetor &
exhaust system to get the most of the extra cubes. Also included is a
complete guide to head and block castings so you can choose exactly
the right parts for your project.
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Price:
$18.95
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How to Build Max Performance Ford V-8 on a Budget
This book addresses high-performance V-8 engines such as the 289,
302, 351ci small-blocks found in Mustangs, as well as the FE series of
big-blocks. Includes realistic, low-cost formulas for building serious
horsepower in Ford V-8 engines.
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Price:
$18.95
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Shipping is combined and discounted for multiple item purchases!
Buy more and save on shipping!
We ship Worldwide! See International Shipping for more information!
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Search Our Store for More Great Ford, Lincoln & Mercury Items!
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If you have any questions or comments please feel free to contact us. We look forward to serving
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Thanks for your business!
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MRE
PO Box 47
Grinnell, IA 50112
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