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High-Performance Brake Systems
Design, Selection, and Installation
by James Walker, Jr.
High-Performance Brake Systems: Design, Selection, and
Installation gives you the knowledge to upgrade your brakes the
right way the first time. Author James Walker, Jr. doesn’t just tell
you what to do—he uses over 330 photos and plain English to
help you understand how and why your brake system works, what
each of the components does, and how to intelligently upgrade
your brakes for better performance. There are chapters showing
you how to choose and install the most effective rotors, calipers,
pads, and tires for your sports car, muscle car, race car, and
street rod. You will even find special sidebars detailing how each
upgrade will affect your ABS.

Brakes might be one of the most important, yet least understood,
vehicle systems. Brakes are relied upon day in and day out
without giving a second thought to their condition, let alone their
purpose, function, or design. Brake systems can be intimidating,
and they aren’t usually the first thing the average horsepower
junkie chooses to upgrade. But there’s no reason to wait until you
have a problem to learn how your brakes work. Whether you are
a casual enthusiast, a weekend warrior, or a professional racer,
this book will tell you everything you need to know about brakes.
Click below to view a sample
page from each chapter
Chap. 1 - Energy Conversion
Chap. 2 - Tires Stop the Car
Chap. 3 - System Design
Chap. 4 - Brake Balance
Chap. 5 - Pedal & Master Cyl
Chap. 6 - Brake Fluid
Chap. 7 - Lines and Hoses
Chap. 8 - Brake Calipers
Chap. 9 - Brake Pads
Chap. 10 - Brake Rotors
Chap. 11 - Sports Car Brakes
Chap. 12 - Race Car Brakes
Chap. 13 - Muscle Car Brakes
Chap. 14 - Street Rod Brakes
8-1/2 x 11"
Softbound
144 pages
330+ color photos
Item: SA126
Price: $21.95
Click here to buy now!
This is a great book that any performance enthusiast will love!


Energy Conversion
If there’s just one piece of information you should retain after reading this book, it’s that the brakes
don’t stop the car. Contrary to popular belief, bright red calipers, cross-drilled rotors, and stainless
steel brake hoses are not responsible for vehicle deceleration.
Over heated brake rotor
Regardless of their color, size, number
of pistons, slots, holes, or sex appeal,
the brakes don’t stop the car. As you’ll
learn, they exist solely to convert
energy from one form into another. A
glowing rotor is a sure sign that the
energy conversion process is in high
gear. (Hawk Performance)
That’s a pretty hard statement to accept, isn’t it? This fundamental concept directly contradicts your
own everyday driving experiences. You push on the brake pedal hundreds of thousands of times
per year, each time expecting your vehicle to slow down. This is repeated more than one million
times over the life of a typical vehicle. You’re probably asking yourself right now, “How can those
countless observations be wrong?”

Thankfully, the true purpose of brake systems is not based on particle string theory or quantum
mechanics. All you need is solid understanding of the First Law of Thermodynamics and the rest will
fall into place.
The Conservation of Energy
The First Law of Thermodynamics says that energy (the ability to do work) can neither be created
nor destroyed. In other words, the amount of energy found in the universe is constant, and
regardless of what you choose to do with it, you can’t change the total amount.
(Note here that Albert Einstein later proved that isn’t necessarily the case, but exceptions only
occur when traveling at the speed of light. Since the vehicles you drive are most certainly not
traveling at the speed of light, you can ignore Einstein’s accurate but irrelevant observations
without worry.)

While the law as stated refers to the universe as a whole, the focus of automotive enthusiasts is
quite a bit narrower. From this perspective, the universe can be replaced with the vehicle and the
law still holds true.

In summary, the amount of energy in and around your vehicle is constant, and while you can’t
change the total amount, you can influence which forms that energy takes.
Race cars lined up
These vehicles are sitting on the grid,
ready to head out on the track. Even if
they all were to attain the same top
speed on the main straight, they would
all have different amounts of kinetic
energy because of their differences in
weight. (Wayne Flynn/pdxsports.com)
Where Energy Comes From
The primary source of energy in most vehicles comes from the chemical energy stored in the bonds
holding together molecules of gasoline in the gas tank. The internal combustion engine is a device
which takes this stored chemical energy and converts it into a variety of other energy forms with the
intended effect of accelerating the vehicle to a given speed and maintaining that speed as long as
the driver intends—or until the gas tank is empty.

In this regard, the most useful form of energy coming from the internal combustion engine is kinetic
energy—the energy of the vehicle in motion. Unfortunately, this only accounts for about 25 to 35
percent of the total energy stored in the fuel. The remaining 65 to 75 percent is converted into
relatively useless thermal energy (such as heat) lost to the cooling system and stored in the
exhaust gasses.
Engine compartment
While complex in design and
operation, the internal combustion
engine only exists to convert the
stored chemical energy of gasoline
into vehicle kinetic energy. The higher
the rate of energy conversion, the
more power (and acceleration) the
vehicle is capable of producing.
Turbochargers certainly add to the
excitement. (Randall Shafer)
Friction
Since friction is discussed at great length in this book, it makes sense to define it now. In simple
terms, friction is the resistance to movement that occurs between any two objects that are in
contact with one another. More specifically, any time you attempt to generate relative motion
between two objects, there will be a force generated which resists the motion you are trying to
achieve. This force is called the frictional force.

The simplest example is a block of wood sitting on a table. In order to move the block along the
surface of the table, you need to push it with a certain amount of force. The force required to get
the block to move is equal to the weight of the block multiplied by the amount of friction, or
resistance, found between the block and the table. This level of resistance is called the coefficient
of friction. In equation form:
Force required to move the object (lb) = coefficient of friction (unitless) x weight of the object (lb)
braking forces
The force due to friction (green arrow)
is equal to the coefficient of friction, or
mu (blue star), multiplied by the
object's weight (red arrow). This is
equal to the force required to move the
object along the surface (yellow
arrow). As a result, the lower the
coefficient of friction, the easier the
object will be to move.
From this relationship you can see that lower coefficients of friction result in lower forces required to
move the block. For example, the block would be easier to push along a polished granite tabletop
than along a piece of 60-grit sandpaper because the coefficient of friction is lower on the tabletop.

In addition, once these two objects are moving relative to each other there is an energy
transformation at the interface. This is the frictional force at work. The most common form of energy
transformation is converting kinetic energy into thermal energy. As a result, when the block slides
along the table, both the block and the tabletop will increase in temperature because they absorb
the heat generated due to friction.

Subsequent chapters explore some of the different ways friction is developed, but for now let it
suffice to say that friction always makes the conversion to kinetic energy more difficult than it needs
to be. Unfortunately though, like death and taxes, you just can’t escape from frictional forces.
Airborne car
Aerodynamic drag is just one
mechanism that can convert a
vehicle's kinetic energy into heat.
Although the contribution from
aerodynamic drag is small while driving
around town, it’s the only mechanism
available for an airborne vehicle – hit
the brakes if you want, but they won’t
help you slow down! (Wayne
Flynn/pdxsports.com)
Vehicle Kinetic Energy Comparison
The following table compares the total kinetic energy of six unique vehicles at four different speeds.
Due to the nature of energy calculations, the units are given in foot-pounds. Since torque also is
expressed in units of foot-pounds this can be a little confusing at first, but regardless of the units
used, note the extreme differences in kinetic energy between the various conditions.
Kinetic Energy (in ft-lb)
35 mph    75 mph           150 mph        225 mph
200-lb soap box derby car    8,194       37,625            150,502         338,629
400-lb race kart                      16,388      75,251           301,003         677,258
600-lb sport bike                    24,582     112,876          451,505         1,015,886
1,900-lb formula car              77,843     357,441          1,429,766      3,216,973
3,000-lb passenger car        122,910    564,381          2,257,525     5,079,431
80,000-lb tractor-trailer        3,277,592  15,050,167    60,200,669  135,451,505
While not all of these vehicles are capable of reaching the speeds listed, the data allows for some
interesting comparisons. For example, a 600-pound sport bike at 150 mph has less kinetic energy
than a 1,900-pound formula car traveling at half that speed, while an 80,000-pound tractor-trailer
traveling at just 35 mph has the same amount of kinetic energy as a 1,900-pound formula car
traveling at over 225 mph!
Race car
Kinetic energy is a function of a
vehicle's speed and weight.
Consequently, a 1,900-pound formula
car traveling at 50 mph possesses
approximately the same amount of
kinetic energy as a 400-pound race
kart traveling at nearly 110 mph.
(Wayne Flynn/pdxsports.com)
Next


This has been a sample page from

High-Performance Brake Systems
Design, Selection, and Installation
by James Walker, Jr.
High-Performance Brake Systems: Design, Selection, and
Installation gives you the knowledge to upgrade your brakes the
right way the first time. Author James Walker, Jr. doesn’t just tell
you what to do—he uses over 330 photos and plain English to
help you understand how and why your brake system works, what
each of the components does, and how to intelligently upgrade
your brakes for better performance. There are chapters showing
you how to choose and install the most effective rotors, calipers,
pads, and tires for your sports car, muscle car, race car, and
street rod. You will even find special sidebars detailing how each
upgrade will affect your ABS.

Brakes might be one of the most important, yet least understood,
vehicle systems. Brakes are relied upon day in and day out
without giving a second thought to their condition, let alone their
purpose, function, or design. Brake systems can be intimidating,
and they aren’t usually the first thing the average horsepower
junkie chooses to upgrade. But there’s no reason to wait until you
have a problem to learn how your brakes work. Whether you are
a casual enthusiast, a weekend warrior, or a professional racer,
this book will tell you everything you need to know about brakes.
Click below to view a sample
page from each chapter
Chap. 1 - Energy Conversion
Chap. 2 - Tires Stop the Car
Chap. 3 - System Design
Chap. 4 - Brake Balance
Chap. 5 - Pedal & Master Cyl
Chap. 6 - Brake Fluid
Chap. 7 - Lines and Hoses
Chap. 8 - Brake Calipers
Chap. 9 - Brake Pads
Chap. 10 - Brake Rotors
Chap. 11 - Sports Car Brakes
Chap. 12 - Race Car Brakes
Chap. 13 - Muscle Car Brakes
Chap. 14 - Street Rod Brakes
8-1/2 x 11"
Softbound
144 pages
330+ color photos
Item: SA126
Price: $21.95
Click here to buy now!
This is a great book that any performance enthusiast will love!


 
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While most owners of sport compacts can afford the simple bolt-ons
available, some owners want to take their modifications a step further.
There is intense competition to be the fastest, and quite often the only
way to win is to go to the next level – by installing a supercharger /
blower or turbocharger on your engine. This book is an enthusiast’s
guide to understanding and using turbochargers and superchargers
on sport compact cars.
Sport Compact Turbos & Blowers
Price:
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