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Selecting the Right Carburetor
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In previous chapters we have covered the history and evolution of the Quadrajet and the basic systems and how they work. Before moving on into rebuilding and high-performance modifications, you need to make sure that the carburetor you have chosen meets your basic requirements so your finished product works and performs as expected.
The good news is that the basic design of the Quadrajet stayed the same throughout the years of production. The Quadrajet would receive numerous minor changes. Some of these changes were a direct result of ever-tightening emission standards. Others were to make the basic design more flexible and reliable. Most of the changes were for the better, and as you will see, the later production units sport a lot of very good features, making them an excellent starting point for a high-performance carburetor.
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These two 1969 Pontiac carburetors look very similar. The carburetor on the right is a factory high-performance carburetor used on 400ci Ram Air engines. The carburetor on the left was used on the standard 400 engine the same year. Both have slashed front vent tubes. The “270” Ram Air carburetor used a slightly different calibration than the standard production “262” carburetor; otherwise they are nearly identical.
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The use of the Quadrajet through its years of production was so broad that countless used samples are currently available and will be for many, many years. It has long been thought that the only carburetors worth working with were the rare and highly coveted factory high-performance carburetors. This has had countless enthusiasts searching the salvage yards and swap meets for years, drying up just about all of these units. The good news is that the factory “high-performance” carburetors were only slightly reworked standard production units. This means that, armed with the right knowledge and abilities, we can rework our standard production Quadrajet to virtually any level of performance needed.
The carburetor you choose to work with still has to meet some basic requirements for the application. There are several minor things to consider, such as fuel inlet location, CFM capability, linkage, vacuum fittings, etc. We also have to look at the year of production and overall condition of the carburetor. In many cases it is more cost-effective to choose a later production unit in better condition than to spend a lot of hours working with a well-worn early model.
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What Are the “Best” Quadrajets? I have been asked this question countless times. The most accurate and direct answer would be the factory high-performance carburetors. The very best factory Quadrajets would be the 1973 and 1974 Pontiac 455 Super Duty carburetors.
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In 1973 and 1974 Pontiac used a special casting with larger primary bores for their Super Duty 455 engines. These carburetors have excellent idle-fuel calibrations along with very generous fuel curves. They can be quickly identified by the large slashed front vent tube. They are excellent high-performance units, but extremely rare and highly coveted by restorers.
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They were among the first to use the larger castings. They also had an excellent secondary fuel- enrichment system and generous idle and off-idle fuel settings. These particular carburetors also used the hot-air-style chokes and can easily be converted to electric choke, making for easy retrofitting on most any application. They work quite well in near stock form on most any high- performance application. The problem with them is that they were produced in very limited quantities; the Pontiac Super Duty Trans Am was quite rare. Even service replacement Super Duty carburetors are rare and bring high prices.
Next in line would be the 1971–1974 Buick carburetors delivered on the 455 engines. These carburetors also used the larger castings, yet were divorced-choke. They make excellent carburetors for use on any early factory intake that had a divorced choke set-up, particularly where the user has swapped in a high-performance or large-CID engine. The large-CFM Buick carburetors are relatively common and can be purchased at reasonable prices.
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Many 1971–1974 Buick carburetors also featured the larger castings. These were the only divorced-choke, large-CFM castings produced. They can be easily identified by the slashed front vent tube and large “hook” on the throttle linkage. They make excellent carburetors for any divorced-choke application; however, they lack any provision on the throttle linkage for transmission cables and return springs behind the carburetor.
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Following closely behind the large-CFM Pontiac Super Duty and 455 Buick carburetors would be the factory Pontiac 455 HO carburetors released in 1971. These were the only factory Quadrajets to not use the outer booster rings surrounding the main nozzles. They were not units that had the rings removed; they were actually special castings where the inner booster ring would extend downward nearly to the bottom of the casting.
This was probably done to help improve nozzle efficiency lost from not using the outer rings. However, these units proved to be very inefficient off idle and were discontinued after a single-year production run. As with the 1973 and 1974 Super Duty carbs, the 1971 HO carburetors were produced in very limited quantities and are highly coveted by restorers.
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1975 APT Carburetors Some 1975 and 1976 Quadrajets also used a second power piston and single jet/rod in the main body. Although these carburetors have the same potential as any other late-style Quadrajet, they are more labor intensive to recalibrate correctly. Due to the increased effort, it may be a better idea to simply get another carburetor that doesn’t use this system. The single APT carburetors have internal passages that route additional fuel beneath the main jets. The factory pressed a single jet into the main body of the carburetor and added a single metering rod for fine external metering control. The problem with this particular design is that raising the metering rod not only adds fuel at part throttle, but does so at heavy and full throttle. This would have the engineers compensating for the increased fuel with main system calibration. I’m sure this is not exactly what they intended, and it met with mixed results as the design was only used for a brief period, then upgraded with the later APT that raised the power piston only.
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New castings showed up in 1975 featuring an early APT system. Located in the right front corner of the carburetor is a brass cup plug covering an adjustment screw. Turning the adjustment screw provides fine control of the part-throttle mixtures externally.
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The later design raised only the power piston and used metering rods with a tapered second section. This provided very fine control of the part throttle air/fuel ratios without affecting heavy and full throttle metering. This later design was used throughout the remaining years of production for non-computer managed carburetors.
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In 1976 the APT adjustment screw was relocated to the center of the casting in front of the choke housing. An aluminum plug is driven into the access hole for the APT adjustment to prevent tampering. Here, we’ve raised the plug slightly for the photo.
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Previous | Next
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This has been a sample page from
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How to Rebuild and Modify Rochester Quadrajet Carburetors by Cliff Ruggles
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The Rochester Quadrajet carburetor was found perched atop the engine of many classic GM and Ford performance vehicles. The Q-Jet is a very capable, but often misunderstood carb. This book, How to Rebuild and Modify Rochester Quadrajet Carburetors, seeks to lift the veil of mystery surrounding the Q-Jet and show owners how to tune and modify their carbs for maximum performance. A complete guide to selecting, rebuilding, and modifying the Q- Jet, aimed at both muscle car restorers and racers. It includes a history of the Q-Jet, an explanation of how the carb works, a guide to selecting and finding the right carb, instructions on how to rebuild the carb, and extensive descriptions of high-performance modifications that will help anyone with a Q-Jet car crush the competition.
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Click below to view sample pages from each chapter
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Chap. 1 - Quadrajet History Chap. 2 - How Q-Jets Work Chap. 3 - Carb Selection Chap. 4 - Tools & Safety Chap. 5 - Q-Jet Rebuilding Chap. 6 - Performance Mods Chap. 7 - Edelbrock Q-Jets
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"Unlike some tech books you've probably seen, this one does a good job on the photography, with all color photos shot with good lighting, clear details, and clean backgrounds." -Musclecar Enthusiast, October 2006, reviewed by Steve Statham
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8-1/2 x 11" Softbound 128 pages. Approximately 300 color photos Item: SA113 Price: $22.95
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Click here to buy now!
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This is a great book anyone with a Quadrajet will love!
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Other items you might be interested in
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Holley - Rebuilding and Modifying This unique book takes you step-by step through disassembly, parts inspection, modification, reassembly, installation, and on-car tuning of all popular Holley modular carburetors. This hands-on guide includes clearly labeled steps, hundreds of detailed photos, and easy to understand instructions that make working on Holleys as simple as 1-2-3.
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Price:
$18.95
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How to Rebuild and Modify Carter/Edelbrock Carburetors Author David Emanuel outlines carburetor types, gives a thorough look at carb selection and carb function, and offers detailed information on modifications, tuning, and rebuilding Carter/Edelbrock carburetors. Also features the history of Carter as well as the history of the AFB and the AVS since the purchase by Edelbrock. Contains more than 300 color photos, illustrations, and diagrams.
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Price: $22.95
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Super Tuning and Modifying Holley Carburetors Super Tuning and Modifying Holley Carburetors shows you how to select, install, tune, and modify all popular Holley performance carburetors. This book gives a detailed view of basic carburetor functioning, modifying for performance applications, custom tuning for street, racing, off-road, turbocharging, economy, and other special uses.
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Price:
$18.95
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